دانلود کتاب Exposure Criteria for Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound: I. Criteria Based on Thermal Mechanisms

This report offers current views on exposure criteria for medical diagnostic ultrasound. Major sections of the report cover: hyperthermia and life processes; heat generation by ultrasound in mammalian tissues; experimental studies of ultrasonically produced temperature elevation and associated biological effects; the interrelationship of thermal and nonthermal ultrasonic process; intensity and power needed in diagnostic ultrasound. Appendices to the report provide background for calculations and information on approximations and assumptions employed in the report. Content:• Front Matter • Preface • List of Symbols • Table of Contents • 1. Introduction 2. Hyperthermia and Life Processes 3. Heat Generation by Ultrasound in Mammalian Tissues 4. Calculations of Temperature Elevation: Basic Theory 5. Calculations of Temperature Elevation: Applications 6. Experimental Studies of Ultrasonically Produced Temperature Elevation and Associated Biological Effects 7. Ultrasonically Induced Thermal Lesions: Experiment and Theory 8. The Interrelationship of Thermal and Nonthermal Ultrasonic Processes 9. Intensity and Power Needed in Diagnostic Ultrasound 10. Conclusions and Recommendations • Appendix A: Point-Source and Ring-Source Solutions of Bio-Heat Transfer Equation • Appendix B: Temperature Near a Heated Disc Appendix C: Enhancement of Heat Production in Tissues by Nonlinear Phenomena Appendix D: Approximations in Calculations Appendix E: Miscellaneous Tables and Formulae Appendix F: Temperature Elevation Produced by Ultrasound from Commercial Diagnostic Equipment • Appendix G: Attenuation in Nepers and Decibels • Appendix H: Theory for "Needed Intensity" in Pulse Echo Systems • References • The NCRP • NCRP Publications • Index