دانلود کتاب Tinkering: The Microevolution of Development: Novartis Foundation Symposium 284

Much recent research in evolutionary developmental biology has focused on the origin of new body plans. However, most evolutionary change at the population and species level consists of tinkering: small-scale alterations in developmental pathways within a single body plan. Such microevolutionary events have been well studied on a population genetic level and from the perspective of adaptive phenotypic evolution, but their developmental mechanisms remain poorly studied. This book explores both theoretical and practical issues of tinkering. It features a wide range of perspectives to address several fundamental questions. How does tinkering occur developmentally, and how is it manifested phenotypically? Are the developmental mechanisms by which tinkering occur different from those that underlie larger evolutionary changes? What are the developmental constraints on tinkering? And how do we test hypotheses about microevolutionary shifts in development from the fossil record? With contributions from experts in a range of fields, this fascinating book makes exciting reading for anyone studying evolution, developmental biology or genetics.Content: Chapter 1 The Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Tinkering: An Introduction to the Challenge (pages 1–19): Daniel E. Lieberman and Brian K. HallChapter 2 Tinkering: A Conceptual and Historical Evaluation (pages 20–34): Manfred D. LaubichlerChapter 3 Tinkering: New Embryos from Old—Rapidly and Cheaply (pages 35–54): Rudolf A. Raff and Elizabeth C. RaffChapter 4 The Relationship between Development and Evolution Through Heritable Variation (pages 55–70): James M. CheverudChapter 5 Genetic Networks as Transmitting and Amplifying Devices for Natural Genetic Tinkering (pages 71–89): Adam S. WilkinsChapter 6 Butterfly Eyespot Patterns and How Evolutionary Tinkering Yields Diversity (pages 90–109): Paul M. BrakefieldChapter 7 General Discussion I (pages 110–115): Chapter 8 Tinkering with Transcription Factor Proteins: The Role of Transcription Factor Adaptation in Developmental Evolution (pages 116–129): Gunter P. Wagner and Anna Marie PyleChapter 9 Tinkering with Constraints in the Evolution of the Vertebrate Limb Anterior–Posterior Polarity (pages 130–141): Denis Duboule, Basile Tarchini, Jozsef Zakany and Marie KmitaChapter 10 Affecting Tooth Morphology and Renewal by Fine?Tuning the Signals Mediating Cell and Tissue Interactions (pages 142–157): Irma Thesleff, Elina Jarvinen and Marika SuomalainenChapter 11 General Discussion II (pages 158–163): Chapter 12 Evolution of Covariance in the Mammalian Skull (pages 164–190): Benedikt Hallgrimsson, Daniel E. Lieberman, Nathan M. Young, Trish Parsons and Steven WatChapter 13 The Developmental Genetics of Microevolution (pages 191–206): David L. SternChapter 14 The Economy of Tinkering Mammalian Teeth (pages 207–224): Jukka Jernvall and Isaac Salazar?CiudadChapter 15 Pelvic Skeleton Reduction and Pitx1 Expression in Threespine Stickleback Populations (pages 225–244): Michael A. Bell, Kaitlyn E. Ellis and Howard I. SirotkinChapter 16 Using Patterns of Fin and Limb Phylogeny to Test Developmental–Evolutionary Scenarios (pages 245–261): Michael I. Coates, Marcello Ruta and Peter J. WagnerChapter 17 Craniofacial Variation and Developmental Divergence in Primate and Human Evolution (pages 262–279): Rebecca R. Ackermann