دانلود کتاب First forts : essays on the archaeology of proto-colonial fortifications

Proto-colonial archaeology explores the physical origins of the world culture that evolved out of contacts made in the Age of Exploration, from Columbus to Cromwell. The early defended sites show how colonizing European first responded to the challenges of new environments and new peoples, and how their choices led to conquest, adaption, or failure. Fortifications, once necessary to protect the colonies, are now essential clues to understand their history. The first comparative study of proto-colonial fortifications, First Forts is a collection of essays written by leading archaeologists in the field. Meeting the needs of archaeologists and historians around the globe, this book will also appeal to military enthusiasts, preservationists, and students of the Age of Exploration. Read more... The Aurelian wall in Rome : Renaissance fortification in theory and practice / David G. Orr -- Strategies of adjustment : Spanish defense of the circum-Caribbean colonies, 1493-1600 / Kathleen Deagan -- A survey of French fortifications in the New World, 1530-1650 / Steven R. Pendery -- Tudor overseas fortifications : a review and typology / Eric Klingelhofer -- Nansemond Fort and Virginia Palisade fortifications / Nicholas M. Luccketti -- Bermuda's first forts, 1612-1622 / Edward Cecil Harris -- "Within musquett shott of Black Rock" : Johnson's Fort and the early defenses of Nevis, West Indies / Roger Leech -- Dutch colonial forts in New Netherland / Paul R. Huey -- The "Old Netherlands style" and seventeenth-century Dutch fortifications of the Caribbean / Jay B. Haviser -- High versus low : Portuguese and Dutch fortification traditions meet in colonial Brazil (1500-1654) / Oscar F. Hefting -- Early colonial trade posts and forts of West Africa / Christopher R. Decorse -- Dutch forts of seventeenth century Ceylon and Mauritius : an historical archaeological perspective / Ranjith Jayasena and Pieter Floore