دانلود کتاب Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan, 1857-1964

This work has been undertaken primarily to introduce to the western student the landmarks of religious and political thought in Islamic India and Pakistan from 1857 to the present day. It is not planned as a comprehensive or detailed survey; consequently it deals mainly with individual thinkers and their works. The principal chapters deal with the long struggle between modernism and orthodoxy, which continues unabated to the present day. The problem is whether Islamic law, which also shapes political institutions, should continue to reject all extraneous stimuli and confine itself to the four traditional orthodox sources, the Qur'an, hadis, or the dicta attributed to the Prophet, the ijma, consensus of the 'ulama' (theologians), and qiyas, juristic reasoning by analogy, or whether it should reinterpret the first two sources, either apologetically or otherwise, and transform the last two to become the vehicle of modern legal, and later, political notions.