دانلود کتاب Old Norse Women’s Poetry: The Voices of Female Skalds. Translated from the Old Norse

The rich and compelling corpus of Old Norse poetry is one of the most important and influential areas of medieval European literature. What is less well known, however, is the quantity of the material which can be attributed to women skalds. This book, intended for a broad audience, presents a bilingual edition (Old Norse and English) of this material, from the ninth to the thirteenth century and beyond, with commentary and notes. The poems here reflect the dramatic and often violent nature of the sagas: their subject matter features Viking Age shipboard adventures and shipwrecks; prophecies; curses; declarations of love and of revenge; duels, feuds and battles; encounters with ghosts; marital and family discord; and religious insults, among many other topics. Their authors fall into four main categories: pre-Christian Norwegian and Icelandic 'skáldkonur' of the Viking Age; Icelandic 'skáldkonur' of the Sturlung Age (thirteenth century); additional early 'skáldkonur' from the 'Islendingasögur' and related material, not as historically verifiable as the first group; and mythical figures cited as reciting verse in the legendary sagas ('fornaldarsögur').