دانلود کتاب The dreams of reason : the computer and the rise of the sciences of complexity

- Goodreads:

In the provocative, enlightening style of James Gleick's Chaos, The Dreams of Reason reveals how the conjunction of the revolutionary new sciences and computer technology is changing our view of reality. |||



- Amazon.com:

Describes the ability of computers to simulate complex systems, traces the rise of the science of complexity, and predicts the future influence of computers on business, science, telecommunications, and the military. |||



- Goodreads Review by Peter (Pete) Mcloughlin:

Heinz Pagels meditations of science, philosophy, complexity and the science of chaos, computer modeling, Artificial intelligence, cognitive science. Gives a look into where these sciences were going and some interesting biographical comments and comments on academia of the 1980s. Enjoyable and much of the science is still very relevant. At the same time because the book is a bit old some of the debates are no longer central to what is going on now especially in the fast moving world of AI. Still, it is good to look at passionate debates of the past that now seem a bit quaint now. I got something different from the book that the deadhead who recommended Pagels to me in a conversation in the parking lot outside a Grateful Dead Show in Buffalo on July 4th, 1989 but I am glad I finally got around to reading the book my friend recommended. |||



- Goodreads Review by Blaine:

In the 1980s before there was the internet, when most people were just getting started with personal computers, American physicist Heinz Pagels understood the intimate connection between the exponential rise and proliferation of computing power and how it was contributing to the birth of a whole new realm of mathematics and physics, and with it, our understanding of the most important aspects of the world we live in. This was the rise of the sciences of complexity - chaos theory, fractal geometry, nonlinear dynamics, cyber-everything, parallel processing, neural networks, self-organizing and self-adaptive systems - in short, the science of the macro-world systems we experience everyday: the climate, air and water flows, traffic dynamics, biological organization, population dynamics, and a host of everyday systems that had previously been too complex to study.

All at once, the explosion of computing power in smaller machines became affordable to researchers with little grant money, grad students, garage nerds, or science enthusiasts of any sort and enabled them to work with kinds of analyses that hitherto were only available to small groups of researchers in the government, the military, and large universities. Simulations and analyses of complex systems with multiple variables, nonlinear system variables, were now possible and would lead to a revolution in our understanding of the organizational dynamics of natural systems.

Because of this explosion of computing power, Pagels discusses the emergence of a new view of mathematics and with it, a new view of the foundational ideas of physical reality: the computational view. In mathematics this is the notion that to know a mathematical truth you must be able to compute it in a manner similar to a Turing machine. But the notion is extended in the physical world suggesting that the material world and the dynamical systems in it arise computationally, as “natural” computers. The brain, the weather, the solar system, are all like computers – “according to the computational view, the laws of nature are algorithms that control the development of the system in time, just like real programs do for computers” (p45). Computational biology is the study of biological systems and artificial life done on a computer. The computer, the tool which gave rise to this computational view, also gave rise to a new fundamental organizing principle of nature: that of information as the foundational principle underlying the organization of reality (e.g., Information and the Nature of Reality).

Almost thirty years have passed since Pagels wrote his book and the sciences of complexity are now well established and part of many fields of study in the sciences. When I read it in the early 1990s, this book gave me a better idea of many of the trends in science that were birthed and propelled by the proliferation of computing power. I can still recommend this book as a good introduction to the sciences of complexity and their relation to the profound changes in our understanding of the world brought on by computers and computing power. |||