دانلود کتاب State of Disorder: Privatised Violence and the State in Indonesia

The book examines the prevalence of privatised violence in social, political and economic arenas in many countries despite different political settings, by focussing on the Indonesian case. By employing a critical political economy approach, this book offers a new interpretation of the phenomena made by extending the investigation not only into the nature of the state but also the nature of capital. Predominant studies either from ‘state weakness’ idea derived from Weberian theory or the ‘fragmented state’ thesis developed from Migdalian state-in-society approach pay too much attention to the nature of the modern state in understanding the phenomenon of privatised violence. Such analyses cannot be discarded, but by suggesting that privatised violence is a result of a certain feature of the state, they have placed the primacy of analysis on institutions, in the process inadvertently falling into an orientalist tendency. As a response, this book argues that the persistence of privatised violence is not solely related to the historical formation of the state, power and authority; it is also intricately related to predatory forms of capitalist development in the way understood by Marx as primitive accumulation. This form of capitalism is characterised by the prevalent use of extra-economic means—fusing political and economic forces—in the accumulation of power and wealth. Within this context, privatised violence is not an obstruction, but instrumental for the accumulation process, constituting the state of disorder. As another form of order found in the predatory capitalist context, this disorder has its own logics and is shaped as a result of historical conflicts over power and resources. The practice of privatised violence tends to be reproduced when predatory social relationships, a state of disorder, are prevalent in the workings of capitalism. As such, this book contributes to understanding not only Indonesia’s privatised violence but also the nature of Indonesian politics and the state. It reinforces critical political economy arguments that Indonesian politics is ruled by a state of disorder.