دانلود کتاب Oil Spill Science and Technology - Prevention, Response, and Cleanup

The National Academy of Sciences estimate that 1.7 to 8.8 million tons of oil are released into world's water every year, of which more than 70% is directly related to human activities. The effects of these spills are all too apparent: dead wildlife, oil covered marshlands and contaminated water chief among them. This reference will provide scientists, engineers and practitioners with the latest methods used for identifying and eliminating spills before they occur and develop the best available techniques, equipment and materials for dealing with oil spills in every environment. Topics covered include spill dynamics and behavior, spill treating agents, and cleanup techniques such as in-situ burning, mechanical containment or recovery, chemical and biological methods and physical methods. Also included are the fate and effects of oil spills and means to assess damage. Content: Front Matter • Preface • Table of Contents •Part I. Introduction and the Oil Spill Problem 1. Introduction 2. Spill Occurrences: A World Overview •Part II. Types of Oils and Their Properties 3. Introduction to Oil Chemistry and Properties •Part III. Oil Analysis and Remote Sensing 4. Measurement of Oil Physical Properties 5. Introduction to Oil Chemical Analysis 6. Oil Spill Remote Sensing: A Review 7. Laser Fluorosensors •Part IV. Behaviour of Oil in the Environment and Spill Modeling 8. Introduction to Spill Modeling 9. Evaporation Modeling 10. Models for Water-in-Oil Emulsion Formation 11. Oil Spill Trajectory Forecasting Uncertainty and Emergency Response •Part V. Physical Spill Countermeasures on Water 12. Physical Spill Countermeasures 13. Weather Effects on Oil Spill Countermeasures •Part VI. Treating Agents 14. Spill-Treating Agents 15. Oil Spill Dispersants: A Technical Summary 16. A Practical Guide to Chemical Dispersion for Oil Spills 17. Procedures for the Testing and Approval of Oil Spill Treatment Products in the United Kingdom - What They are and Considerations for Development 18. Formulation Changes in Oil Spill Dispersants: Are They Toxicologically Significant? 19. Environment Canada's Methods for Assessing Oil Spill Treating Agents 20. The United States Environmental Protection Agency: National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, Subpart J Product Schedule (40 Code of Federal Regulations 300.900) 21. Surface-Washing Agents or Beach Cleaners 22. Review of Solidifiers •Part VII. In-situ Burning 23. An Overview of in-situ Burning •Part VIII. Shoreline Countermeasures 24. Shoreline Countermeasures 25. Automated Assessment and Data Management •Part IX. Submerged Oil 26. Submerged Oil •Part X. Effects of Oil in the Environment 27. Effects of Oil in the Environment •Part XI. Contingency Planning and Command 28. Introduction to Oil Spill Contingency Planning and Response Initiation • 29. The Role of the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited 30. Safety Issues at Spills •Part XII. Postassessment and Restoration 31. Natural Resource Damage Assessment 32. Seafood Safety and Oil Spills •Part XIII. Specific Case Studies 33. The Torrey Canyon Oil Spill, 1967 34. The Ekofisk Bravo Blowout, 1977 35. The Sea Empress Oil Spill, 1996 36. The Braer Oil Spill, 1993 37. 1991 Gulf War Oil Spill 38. Tanker SOLAR 1 Oil Spill, Guimaras, Philippines: Impacts and Response Challenges • Conversions Index