دانلود کتاب Environment-Induced Cracking of Materials, Volume 2 - Prediction, Industrial Developments and Evaluation

This volume contains papers presented at the Second International Conference on Environment-Induced Cracking of Metals (EICM-2), which was held at the Banff Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada in September 2004. Environment-induced cracking is a progressive mechanism responsible for service failures in a wide variety of industries. The problem seriously retards attempts to maintain many structures and components under operating conditions and makes the process more expensive. Numerous examples indicate that failures due to environmental-induced cracking can result in serious human, environmental and financial losses. This volume contains 38 chapters that comprise the first publication in the field that addresses a broad range of industrial applications related to environment-induced cracking, including nuclear power generation, disposal of radioactive waste, oil and gas transportation, etc. This book is intended to meet the needs of researchers, practicing engineers and industrial consultants wishing to expand their knowledge on the processes and variables affecting the environmental degradation and cracking of materials. Content: Front Matter • Preface • Table of Contents •Section 1. Prediction of Stress Corrosion Cracking 1. Predicting Failures in Light Water Nuclear Reactors which Have Not Yet Been Observed - Microprocess Sequence Approach (MPSA) 2. The Electrochemistry of Stress Corrosion Cracking - From Theory to Damage Prediction in Practical Systems •Section 2. Stress Corrosion Cracking in LWR Environments 3. Insights into Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanisms from High-Resolution Measurements of Crack-Tip Structures and Compositions 4. Quantification of the Effects of Crack Tip Plasticity on Environmentally-Assisted Crack Growth Rates in LWR Environments 5. The Role of Hydrogen and Creep in Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 in PWR Primary Water Environments - A Review 6. Modelling of Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking (PWSCC) at Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) Nozzles of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) 7. Interdendritic Crack Introduction before SCC Growth Tests in High-Temperature Water for Nickel-Based Weld Alloys 8. Influence of Low-Temperature Sensitization on Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304LN Stainless Steels •Section 3. Corrosion and Cracking of Waste Package Materials 9. Overview of Corrosion Issues for the Yucca Mountain Waste Container 10. Stress Corrosion Cracking Evaluation of a Target Structural Material by Different Techniques •Section 4. Crack Growth in Pipeline Steels under Cyclic Loading 11. SCC Growth in Pipeline Steel 12. Environmental Effects on Near-Neutral pH Stress Corrosion Cracking in Pipelines 13. Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Pipeline Steels in Near-Neutral pH Environments •Section 5. SCC and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Pipeline Steels 14. Crack Initiation of Line Pipe Steels in Near-Neutral pH Environments 15. A Mechanistic Study on Near-Neutral pH Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipeline Steel 16. The Role of Hydrogen in EAC of Pipeline Steels in Near-Neutral pH Environments 17. The Roles of Crack-Tip Plasticity, Anodic Dissolution and Hydrogen in SCC of Mild and C-Mn Steels 18. Effect of Microstructure on the Hydrogen-Embrittlement Behaviour of HSLA Steels under Cathodic Protection 19. Hydrogen-Embrittlement Resistance of X100 Steels for Long-Distance High-Pressure Pipelines 20. Influence of Strain Rate on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of X70 Pipeline Steel in Dilute Near-Neutral pH Solutions 21. Assessment of Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Buried Pipeline Steels 22. Change of Physicochemical Parameters of Soils near Stress-Corrosion Defects on Gas Pipelines •Section 6. Degradation of Materials under In-Service Conditions 23. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Fuel Ethanol Service 24. Hydrogen Degradation of Steels under Long-Term In-Service Conditions 25. Corrosion and Hydrogen Absorption of Commercial Reinforcing Steel in Concrete after 33 Years of Service on the Baltic Sea Beach 26. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Aluminium Brass Induced by Marine Organism Fouling 27. Modeling of prior Exfoliation Corrosion in Aircraft Wing Skins •Section 7. Stress Corrosion Cracking Case Studies 28. Case Studies of Corrosion and Environmentally Induced Cracking in Industry 29. Stress Corrosion Cracking: Cases in Refinery Equipment 30. Embrittlement Cracking of a Stabilized Stainless Steel Wire Mesh in an Ammonia Converter 31. Environment-Induced Transgranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304L Stainless Steel Instrument Line Tubes 32. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel in a Nuclear Power Plant Environment •Section 8. New Test Methods for SCC Studies 33. High-Resolution, in-situ, Tomographic Observations of Stress Corrosion Cracking 34. Detection of SCC by the Simultaneous Use of Electrochemical Noise and Acoustic Emission Measurements 35. Circumferential Notch Tensile (CNT) Tests for Determination of KISCC, Using Small Fracture Mechanics Specimens 36. Development of Spiral Notch Torsion Test: A New Fracture Mechanics Approach to Determination of KISCC 37. Issues in Stress Corrosion Testing of Welded Super Martensitic Stainless Steels for Oil and Gas Pipelines 38. Evaluation of the Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement by the Slow Bending Test Author Index Subject Index