دانلود کتاب Basic Principles of Pneumatics and Electro-Pneumatics

The use of air as a working medium can be traced back over thousands of years. Everyone is familiar with
wind as a driving force for sailing ships and windmills.
The word pneumatics comes from the Greek word pneuma, meaning breath or breeze. Pneumatics is
generally understood as the study of air movements and air processes.
Pneumatics and electropneumatics are successfully used in many areas of industrial automation.
Throughout the world, electropneumatic control systems are used to operate production, assembly and
packaging systems. In addition, technological advances in materials, design and production methods have
improved the quality and variety of the pneumatic components and in this way helped to extend their use.
Changing requirements and technical developments have dramatically altered the appearance of control
systems. In the signal control section, the relay has increasingly been replaced by the programmable logic
controller in many fields of application in order to meet the increased requirement for flexibility. And in the
power section of electropneumatic control systems new concepts have been included that are tailored to the
demands of industrial practice. Examples of these new concepts include valve terminals, bus networking
and proportional pneumatics.