دانلود کتاب Instrument Development for Atmospheric Research and Monitoring: Lidar Profiling, DOAS and Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy

Instrument Development for Atmospheric Research and MonitoringLidar Profiling, DOAS and Tunable Diode Laser SpectroscopyThe growth in our understanding of the production, transformation and loss of pollutants and trace substances in the atmosphere has followed closely the development of instrumentation for both insitu and remote measurements of the minute concentrations and fluxes of trace substances. In recent times the requirement has been for instruments which have a fast response, are chemically specific, and sensitive enough to detect small changes in concentrations at ppb and ppt levels. This book gives an account of three such techniques. Lidar measurements provide instantaneous vertical profiles of ozone, aerosols and other compounds in the troposphere. With differential optical absorption (DOAS), concentrations of a number of species including some free radicals can be measured simultaneously in real time. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy offers the possibility of measuring particular species with a high sensitivity and for making eddy correlation measuremements of their fluxes. Each technique is reviewed and then the results of a number of detailed studies are presented which give the trend of the current direction of research in this area. The book is Volume 8 of the series on Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere.