دانلود کتاب Orbital Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment

From the Preface: “About every ten years a new book appears on any given medical specialty subject. Naturally, this is not because the entire body of knowledge on that specialty is overhauled every ten years but because the progress made over a decade usually warrants expressing new perspectives on quite a few diseases. Orbital oncology certainly qualifies as a subspecialty that merits an update every decade. At least two or three excellent textbooks on orbital tumors have been written since the mid-1980s. This book reports advances in knowledge about orbital diseases and their treatment and offers an up-to-date, single-volume reference for orbital tumors with particular emphasis on new improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Part I comprises advances in oncogenesis and its relationship to orbital tumors. Changes in the biological behavior of diseases in the general patient population are much slower than technological advances; nevertheless, those alterations take place as well. One of the major medical issues of our time, for example, is the changes in the immunological status of individuals. This issue influences the entire field of medicine, particularly oncology, including the treatment of orbital tumors. Chapters 2 to 5 summarize these influences. Medical genetics gained momentum during the past two decades and now affects the clinical practice of almost every discipline of medicine, including ophthalmology and orbitology. Chapters on principles of molecular genetics and immunosurveillance mechanisms of neoplasia and on the occurrence of multiplt, malignant neoplasms in retinoblastoma have been included to apply molecular concepts to clinical practice related to orbital tumors. Advances in one discipline often directly benefit practice in another field. In orbitology, no development has been more influential than the revolution in imaging techniques, including ultrasonography, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance methods. Four chapters in Part II are devoted to the role of imaging in diganosis of orbital tumors. Other diagnostic advances entailing immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, gene microarray, and the polymerase chain reaction are summarized in a separate chapter on orbital biopsy.”

Table of Contents

Cover

Orbital Tumors Diagnosis And Treatment

ISBN 038721321X

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

Contributors

Part One Current Concepts Of Oncogenesis

1 Molecular Models Of Cancer Development
Historical Overview
Oncogenes
Tumor Suppressor Genes
Dna Mutations And Cancer
New Perspectives On Dna Mutations
Relevance Of Msi To Orbital Tumors
Epigenomics: Dna Methylation And Histone Acetylation
Do Mutations Matter In Cancer?
2 Immune Surveillance And Cancer Pathogenesis
Immunological Response To Cancer
Aging And Oncogenesis
Viruses And Oncogenesis
Ionizing Radiation, Chemicals, And Cancer
Relevance Of Immunological Response To Orbital Tumors
3 The Changing Nature And Behavior Of Orbital And Periorbital Tumors
Changes In The Incidence Of Orbital Diseases Over Time
Immunosuppression And Cancer
Immunosuppression And Infection
Other Virus-associated Neoplasms Of The Orbit And Ocular Adnexa
Conclusions
4 Mechanisms Of Tumor Metastasis In The Orbit
Concept Of Metastasis
Invasion And Metastasis
Dissemination And Metastases
The Metastasic Event In The Temporal Progression Of Cancer
Tumor Cells And Stromal Interactions
Gene Overexpression And Downregulation
Orbital Metastasis
Metastatic Disease In The Orbit
Metastastic Disease From Primary Orbital Tumors
Conclusions
5 Multiple Malignancies In Retinoblastoma
Studies Of The Gene For Rb
Types Of Second Malignancy
Role Of Ebrt In Second Malignancies
Management Of Second Malignancies
Conclusions

Part Two Diagnosis Of Orbital Tumors

6 Clinical Evaluation Of The Orbit
History
Ocular Examination
Orbital Examination
7 Neuro-ophthalmologic Evaluation Of The Orbit
History
Examination
Orbital Imaging
Orbital Extension Of Intracranial Disease
Systemic Disorders That May Affect The Orbit
Conclusions
8 Ultrasonography In Orbital Differential Diagnosis
Assessment Of Orbital Lesions
Assessment Of Thickening Of Extraocular Muscles
Optic Nerve Assessment
Lacrimal Gland Lesions
9 The Basics Of Orbital Imaging
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Angiography And Orbital Interventions
10 Imaging In Orbital Differential Diagnosis
Lesion Appearance
Localization
Contrast Enhancement
Bone Evaluation
Detection Of Calcification
Radiological Differential Diagnosis
Conclusions
11 New Concepts In Orbital Imaging
A Diagnostic Paradigm
State Of The Art Of Orbital Tumor Imaging
New Developments In Imaging
Conclusions
12 Orbital Biopsy
Excisional Biopsy
Incisional Biopsy
Core Biopsy
Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy
Intraoperative Biopsy (frozen Section)
Sentinel Node Biopsy
Methods Used In Tissue Diagnosis

Part Three Primary Tumors Of The Orbit

13 Orbital Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Morphologic Features
Classification
Investigation
Management
14 Vascular Tumors
Cavernous Hemangioma
Capillary Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Orbital Varix
Hemangiopericytoma
Angiosarcoma
Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia
Arteriovenous Fistulas And Malformations
Leiomyoma
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia And Kimura Disease
15 Fibrohistiocytic Tumors
Fibromatoses
Histiocytoses
16 Fibro-osseous And Cartilaginous Tumors And Tumorlike Conditions
Bone-forming Lesions
Cartilage-forming Lesions
Fibro-osseous Lesions
Fibrous Lesions
Giant Cell-rich Lesions
Cystic Lesions
17 Peripheral Nerve Tumors
Schwannoma (neurilemoma)
Neurofibroma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Granular Cell Tumor
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Paraganglioma
Amputation Neuroma
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor Of Infancy
Primary Orbital Neuroblastoma
Primary Orbital Carcinoid Tumor
Neurofibromatosis
18 Lacrimal Gland Tumors
Dacryops (lacrimal Ductal Cysts)
Pleomorphic Adenoma (benign Mixed Tumor)
Malignant Mixed Tumor
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Other Tumors
19 Tumors Of The Lacrimal Drainage System
Differential Diagnosis Of Masses In The Lacrimal Sac Fossa Region
Lacrimal Sac Tumor Presentation
Investigation
Management Of Lacrimal Sac Tumors (table 19.8)
Conclusions

Part Four Secondary Tumors Of The Adult Orbit

20 Eyelid And Periocular Skin Tumors
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma
Melanoma
The Sydney Eye Hospital Experience
Conclusions
21 Conjunctival Tumors
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Conjunctival Melanoma
22 Ocular Tumors
Retinoblastoma
Choroidal Melanoma
23 Tumors Of The Cranial And Nasal Cavities And Paranasal Sinuses
Secondary Orbital Tumors Originating From The Sinonasal Tract
Secondary Orbital Tumors Originating From The Cranium
24 Metastatic Tumors
Incidence And Epidemiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnostic Procedures
Management And Prognosis
Origins Of Metastases To Orbit

Part Five Pediatric Orbital Tumors And Pseudotumors

25 Benign Pediatric Tumors
Dermoid
Dermolipoma
Teratoma
Mass Lesions Secondary To Orbitocranial Maldevelopments
Congenital Cysts
Other Cysts
Primary Tumors
26 Malignant Pediatric Tumors
Secondary And Metastatic Tumors

Part Six Tumorlike Conditions In The Orbit

27 Orbital Inflammation And Infection Versus Neoplasia
Inflammation Mimicking Neoplasia
Neoplasia Mimicking Inflammation
"malignant" Infections
Conclusions
28 Graves Disease
Pathogenesis
Systemic Clinical Features
Orbital Histopathology
Orbital Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Management And Prognosis
29 Mass-forming Inflammatory Lesions Of The Orbit
Infections
Nonspecific Inflammations
Specific Inflammations

Part Seven Management Of Orbital Tumors

30 Staging Of Orbital Tumors
31 Surgical Treatment
Preoperative Evaluation
Surgical Planning And Preparation
General Surgical Concepts
Incision
Correlation Of Surgical Procedures With Anatomy
Surgical Procedures
Wound Closure And Postoperative Care
Complications
32 Computer Image Guidance And Skull-base Strategies
Computer Image Guidance
Techniques And Setup
Why Use Image Guidance In Orbital Tumors?
Image Fusion For Orbital Tumors
Extended Craniotomy Approaches And The Orbit
Radiosurgery
Biopsies And Minimally Invasive Approaches
Conclusions
33 Radiation Treatment
Techniques
Orbital Diseases
Intraocular Tumors That Require Orbital Radiation Therapy
Side Effects Of Orbital Radiation Therapy
New Frontiers In Orbital Radiation Therapy
Conclusions
34 Chemotherapy For Childhood Tumors
Treatment Of Children
Primary Malignant Orbital Tumors
Malignant Tumors With Distant Orbit Metastases
Malignant Tumors With Secondary Invasion Of The Orbit
Nonmalignant Tumors
Conclusions
35 Chemotherapy For Adult Tumors
Inflammatory And Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Primary Orbital Malignancy
Secondary Orbital Malignancy
Metastases
Side Effects Of Chemotherapy

Index