دانلود کتاب Daoist Identity: History, Lineage, and Ritual

What is Daoism? Who is considered a Daoist, and why? What defines Daoism: Beliefs? Practices? Sectarian concerns? Questions such as these have plagued scholars and followers alike, creating confusion and prejudice. By addressing these questions, this volume opens up the exploration of a fascinating religion. For more than two thousand years, Daoism has evolved in close interaction with the other major traditions of China--Confucianism, Buddhism, ethnic creeds, and popular religion--and adapted many of their features. To the present day, Daoism consists of a multiplicity of beliefs and practices, and continues to develop, as it has for the past millennia, through the interaction between differentiation and integration--the move to change in accordance with political, cultural, and economic developments versus the urge to create stability through belief systems, lineage lines, rituals, and myths. Daoist Identity is an exploration of the various means by which Daoists over the centuries have created an identity for themselves. Using modern sociological studies of identity formation as its foundation, it brings together a representative sample of in-depth analyses by eminent American and Japanese scholars in the field. The discussion begins with critical examinations of the ways identity was found among the early movements of the Way of Great Peace and the Celestial Masters. The role of sacred texts and literary culture in Daoist identity formation is discussed. The volume then focuses on lineage formation and the increasing role of popular religious practices, such as spirit-writing, in modern Daoism since the Song dynasty. Finally it discusses the Daoist adaptation and reinterpretation of Buddhist rites, such as the feeding of souls in hell and the use of ritual gestures, and the changes made in contemporary Daoism in relation to traditional rites and popular practices. Throughout, the authors consider issues never before discussed in Western scholarly literature, including the role of ethnic groups and their identity in the formation of Daoist communities, the contemporary daotan movement in Guangdong and Hong Kong, the evolution of medieval death rituals, and the role of poetry and literati writing in the creation of a personal identity as Daoist.