دانلود کتاب Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Environmental Fate and Effects

In recent years, concerns about the fate and effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on the environment have emerged, and countries throughout the world are focusing attention on the implementation of regulatory and monitoring programs. In response, the industry has begun to implement a variety of process and treatment technologies designed to minimize or eliminate the potential impacts. This book explores the most active and critical current research and experimentation from around the world. Completely edited, the papers present the latest developments in research and practical applications relating to pulp and paper wastewater treatment as well as associated issues such as air emissions and solid waste production. Primary themes are recent advances in treatment processes to minimize the discharge of nutrients, for recirculation of process waters, for control of effluent toxicity and for other advanced effluent criteria. Content: Front Matter • Preface • Table of Contents •Section 1. Fish Health Assessment 1. Overview of Fish Health Studies - Progress Since 2000 2. Paper Mill Process Modifications Reduce Biological Effects on Largemouth Bass and Eastern Gambusia 3. Sources of Variability of Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) Anal Fin Morphology Characteristics: Measurements Methods, Geographic Variability, and Exposure to Pulp Mill Effluents 4. Water Quality Biomonitoring on the Doce River in Brazil, near a Pulp Mill Effluent Discharge 5. Epidemiological Studies Indicate a Cause-Effect Relationship between Pulp Mill Effluent Exposure and Male-Biased Sex Ratios in Fish 6. Review of Reproductive-Endocrine Effects of a New Zealand Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent 7. Lack of Estrogenic and Endocrine Disrupting Effects in Juvenile Rainbow Trout Exposed to a New Zealand Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent 8. Survey of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents for Their Potential to Affect Fish Reproduction 9. Changes in Growth, Sex Characteristics and Reproduction of Fathead Minnows Exposed for a Life-Cycle to Bleached Sulphite Mill Effluent 10. Effect of Exposure Timing on Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Reproduction during a Life-Cycle Bioassay with Biologically Treated Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent 11. Adult White Sucker Show Limited Mobility near Point Source Discharges in a Large Canadian River •Section 2. Effluent Effects from a Watershed Multistressor Perspective 12. Evaluations of the Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents from a Watershed Multistressor Perspective: Progree to Date and Future Opportunities 13. National Response Patterns of Fish and Invertebrates Exposed to Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents: Metabolic Disruption in Combination with Eutrophication and other Effects 14. Employing Small Bodied Fish in a Weight-of-Evidence Approach to Discriminate Effects from Multiple Discharges 15. Identifying a Suitable Fish Species for Monitoring Multiple Effluents in the Upper Saint John River, Canada 16. Status of a Long-Term Industry Funded In-Stream Monitoring Study to Assess Potential Effluent Effects in Four U.S. Receiving Waters 17. Pattern Analysis of Fish Communities Upstream/Downstream of Pulp and Paper Mill Discharges on Four U.S. Receiving Waters 18. Characterization of a Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent Discharging to Codorus Creek, Pennsylvania, as Part of a Long-Term Monitoring Study - Chemical, Biological, and Mesocosm Measurements 19. Spatial-Temporal Relationships between River Biota, Chemistry and Mill Effluent on Codorus Creek, Pennsylvania 20. Ecological Risk Assessment as the Framework for the Prediction, Confirmation and Management of the Codorus Creek Watershed 21. Evaluation of Land Applied Pulp Mill Biosolids: Monitoring the Fate of Sludge Constituents in Forest Ecosystems and Assessing Impact Using Ecologically Relevant Organisms 22. Integrated Monitoring at a Brazilian Pulp Mill to Assess Effluent Effects on Receiving Waters •Section 3. Effluent Quality 23. Relationship of the Technical Development of Pulping and Bleaching to Effluent Quality and Aquatic Toxicity 24. Regulatory Toxicity Compliance in Relation to Water Usage: 2000 Survey of Canadian Mills 25. Toxicity Investigations Associated with Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas Exposed to Spent Pulping Liquor from an Elemental Chlorine Free Kraft Mill 26. The Relationship between Mill Processes and Biological Responses 27. Lignin as the Cause of Acute Toxicity in Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents? 28. A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Toxicity Reduction and Toxicity Identification Evaluation Approaches in the U.S. and Canada 29. Comparison of Anal Fin Morphology and Testosterone Levels in Female Gambusia among Three Florida Pulp and Paper Mills 30. Analysis of Selected Resin Acids and Phytosterols in Relation to Process Changes at Georgia-Pacific's Palatka Mill 31. Comparison of Some Studies Assessing the Androgenic Potential of Compounds in Pulp Mill and Municipal Effluents Using the Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis 32. Method Development for the Identification of Hormonally Active Components in Bleached Kraft Chemical Recovery Condensates 33. Phenolics Associated with Adverse Bioassay Responses at a Tall Oil Refinery •Section 4. Advances in Assessing Effluent Effects 34. Advances in Assessing the Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents on Aquatic Systems 35. Development of a Fish Bioassay to Test for Hormonally Active Contaminants in Pulp Mill Effluents 36. Development of an Accumulation Model to Investigate Active Substances Bioavailable to Fish Exposed to Treated Pulp Mill Effluents 37. Hazard Identification of Pulp Mill Solid Waste to Aquatic Species 38. Using an Integrated Risk Assessment Strategy to Characterize Exposure and Effects in the Field with Caged Bivalves 39. An Evaluation of the Potential Effects of Paper Mill Effluents on Freshwater Mussels in Rice Creek, Florida 40. Cumulative Effects Investigation of Pulp Mill and Sewage Effluent Impacts on Benthic Food Webs: A Mesocosm Example 41. Using Mesocosms to Explore the Relationship between Algal Accrual Responses and Nutrient Exposure (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) on the Wapiti River, AB, Canada 42. Using Mesocosms to Explore Confounding Factors Influencing Longnose Dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) Responses to Kraft Mill Effluent on the Wapiti River, AB, Canada 43. Are Developmental Abnormalities a Useful Endpoint for the Wild Fish Survey Element of the Canadian EEM Program for Pulp and Paper Mills? 44. Pulp and Paper Effluent Hypoxia Interactions in Fish •Section 5. Regulatory Issues and Developments 45. Historical Pulp Mill Effluent and Water Quality Concerns and Recent European Regulatory Developments 46. Brazilian Environmental Regulations for Bleached Kraft Pulp Mills 47. Overview of Improvements in Effluent Quality as a Result of Changes to the Federal and Provincial Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Control Regimes 48. A Review of the Environmental Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents in Canada Following Regulatory Changes Made in 1992 49. Bringing Science to Bear on the Water Quality Regulatory Process 50. Estimation of Effluent Flow Contribution in U.S. Mill Receiving Waters Subject Index Author Index