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در این مقاله به جای تحلیل آماری درباره اثر نهادها و رشد اقتصادی، به بررسی آرای چندین تن از نظریهپردازان نهادگرا پرداخته شد تا از خالل بررسی آرای آنها داللتهایی برای رشد اقتصادی استخراج گردد. بررسیها نشان داد جهت ارایه سیاستهای مناسب در جهت تسریع رشد اقتصادی باید از بررسیهای کمی صرف که نشاندهنده اثر عناصر مختلف نهادی بر رشد اقتصادی است، فراتر رفت و به مواردی مانند عناصر نهادی تشکیلدهنده بازار، نحوه تغییر نهادی، اثرات نهادهای سیاسی و اجتماعی بر عملکرد اقتصادی توجه نمود. از سوی دیگر به نظر میرسد از میان راهکارهای گوناگون دستیابی به رشد اقتصاد که تا کنون ارایه شدهاند، راهکار ارایه شده از سوی نورث و همکارانش مبنی بر لزوم حرکت به سوی نظم دموکراتیک در جهت دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی پایدار بهترین رویکرد باشد.
Continuing his groundbreaking analysis of economic structures, Douglass North develops an analytical framework for explaining the ways in which institutions and institutional change affect the performance of economies, both at a given time and over time. Institutions exist, he argues, due to the uncertainties involved in human interaction; they are the constraints devised to structure that interaction. Yet, institutions vary widely in their consequences for economic performance; some economies develop institutions that produce growth and development, while others develop institutions that produce stagnation. North first explores the nature of institutions and explains the role of transaction and production costs in their development. The second part of the book deals with institutional change. Institutions create the incentive structure in an economy, and organizations will be created to take advantage of the opportunities provided within a given institutional framework. North argues that the kinds of skills and knowledge fostered by the structure of an economy will shape the direction of change and gradually alter the institutional framework. He then explains how institutional development may lead to a path-dependent pattern of development. In the final part of the book, North explains the implications of this analysis for economic theory and economic history. He indicates how institutional analysis must be incorporated into neo-classical theory and explores the potential for the construction of a dynamic theory of long-term economic change. Douglass C. North is Director of the Center of Political Economy and Professor of Economics and History at Washington University in St. Louis. He is a past president of the Economic History Association and Western Economics Association and a Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has written over sixty articles for a variety of journals and is the author of The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History (CUP, 1973, with R.P. Thomas) and Structure and Change in Economic History (Norton, 1981). Professor North is included in Great Economists Since Keynes edited by M. Blaug (CUP, 1988 paperback ed.)
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