دانلود کتاب A Simplified Grammar of the Ottoman-Turkish Language (Classic Reprint)

The Ottoman Language is the most highly polished branch of the great Turkish tongue, which is spokon, with dialectic variations, across the whole breadth, nearly, of the middle region of the continent of Asia, impinging into Europe, even, in the Ottoman provinces, and also, in Southern Russia, up to the frontiers of the old kingdom of Poland. The Ottoman language is, in its grammar and vocabulary, fundamentally Turkish. It has, however, adopted, and continues more and more to adopt, as required, a vast number of Arabic, Porsian, and foreign words (Greek, Armenian, Slavonic, Hungarian, Italian, French, English, etc.), together with the use of a few of the grammatical rules of the Arabic and Porsian, which are given as Turkish rules in the following pages, their origin being in each case specified. The great Turkish language, turkje, Ottoman and non-Ottoman, has been classed, by European writers as one of the " agglutinative" languages ; not inflTable of Contents Preface ; Note on Identity of Alphabets xii; CHAPTER I Letters and ORTnooiurnr; Section I Number, Order, Forma, and Names of; Letters 1; Synopsis of Arabic, Greek, and Latin; Letters 4; ? II Phonetic Values of Letters, Vowel-Points, Orthographic Signs, Transliteration, Ottoman Euphony 15; CHAPTER IL Ottoman Accidence; Section I Nouns Substantive 51; ? II Nouns Adjective GS; ? III Numerals 74; , IV Pronouns 82; vi; table of contents; Section V Demonstratives 8b; ? VI Interrogatives 89; ? VII Relative Pronouns 90; ? VIIIDerivation of Verbs 92; (Table) 94; ? IX Conjugation of Verbs ; Moods; Tenses ;; Participles; Verbal Nouns; Gerunds 99; ? X Numbers aiul Tersons 115 ? XI Complex Categories of Verbs , 119; ? XII First Complex Category 120 ? XIII Second ? ? 125; ? XIV Third ? 129; ? XV Combined (Turkish) Conjugation 133; ? XVI Negative and Impotential Conjugations , 135; ? XVII Dubitative, Potential, and Facile Verbs 141; ? XVII I Verb Substantive 144; ?