دانلود کتاب Unit operations of particulate solids : theory and practice

"Suitable for practicing engineers and engineers in training, Unit Operations of Particulate Solids: Theory and Practice presents the unit operations in chemical engineering that involve the handling and processing of particulate solids. The first part of the book analyzes primary and secondary properties of particles and particulate systems, focusing on their characterization and the effects on selection and design of silos and conveyors. Covering the main industrial operations of dry solids processing, the second part offers insight into the operation principles of the most important technologies that handle dry solids in bulk. With an emphasis on two-phase and multiphase flow, the final part describes all of the relevant systems in industrial processes that combine two different components of the state of matter as well as technologies for separating phases by purely mechanical means.Through clear explanations of theoretical principles and practical laboratory exercises, this book provides an understanding of the behavior of powders and pulverized systems. It also helps readers develop skills for operating, optimizing, and innovating particle processing technologies and machinery in order to carry out industrial operations, such as centrifugation, filtration, and membrane separations"--Provided by publisher."Preface The idea of writing this book was conceived many years ago when the author started teaching unit operations in the undergraduate program of chemical engineering at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua, even prior to attend the, then, Postgraduate School of Studies in Powder Technology at the University of Bradford. The importance, relevance and prevailing of the topic of Particle Technology remain up to date. Studies by the Rand Corporation in the 1980s identified substantial differences in the scale-up and start-up performance of plants processing powders versus those processing liquids or gases. Particularly, in 1985, the Rand Report surveyed 40 US plants and found out that start-up times were 200-300% of those predicted (compared to 20% for fluid based plants) and only achieved approximately 50% of their designed throughput. By comparison, most fluid-based processes reached 90% of planned output over the same period. Some of the reasons described on the time of the report were related to an inadequate understanding of the behavior of particle systems, which is sensitive to process scale or process history in ways that would not be expected by engineers familiar only with liquid or gas systems. The response to overcome these difficulties came in the way of promoting research, programs of study, and other activities in the field of powder or particle technology worldwide. Substantial advancements have been achieved through all these initiatives but, apparently, many of the reported reasons for these unequal understanding of powder-based processes, as compared to fluid-based processes, remain up to these days. This perception can be implied by a current need of consultancy in the subject by different types of industries worldwide"--Provided by publisher.  Read more... CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICULATE SYSTEMS AND RELATION TO STORAGE AND CONVEYING Introduction Definitions of unit operations Powder and particle technology The solid state: main distinctive properties Bulk Solids: Properties and Characterization Introductory aspects Classification of powders Sampling Failure properties Laboratory exercise: determination of some failure properties of powders Particle size analysis Laboratory exercise: particle size analysis by different methods Storage and Conveying of Bulk Solids Introduction: storage alternatives Outdoors storage Confined storage Laboratory exercise: evaluation of wall loads in silos Bulk solids conveying Laboratory exercise: pneumatic conveying characteristics of different granules BULK SOLIDS PROCESSING Size Reduction Fundamental principles of comminution Energy requirements in comminution Size reduction equipment Criteria for selecting size reduction processes Laboratory exercise: determination of reduction relations using a hammer mill Size Enlargement Introduction: agglomeration processes Aggregation fundamentals: strength of agglomerates Agglomeration methods Selection criteria for agglomeration methods Design aspects of agglomeration processes Applications Laboratory exercise: comparing methods for tumbling agglomeration of powders Mixing Introduction Blending mechanisms Statistical approach of mixing processes Mixing equipment Design and selection factors Laboratory exercise: determination of blending indices for different tumbling mixers Fluidization Theoretical fundamentals Fluidized regimes Applications of fluidization Laboratory exercise: fluidized-bed coating of food particulates SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICULATE SOLIDS Introductory Aspects Different mixtures relevant in industry Classification of separation techniques Specific techniques for granular materials Solid Mixtures Screening Electromagnetic separation Electrostatic separation Laboratory exercise: efficiency of separation on single-stage screening Solid-Fluid Systems Introduction: simultaneous flow of fluids and solids Separation efficiency Solid-gas separations Solid-liquid separation techniques Appendix 1: International (SI) System of Units Appendix 2: Density and Viscosity of Water at Different Temperatures and 101.325 kPa Appendix 3: Density and Viscosity of Air at Different Temperatures and 101.325 kPa Appendix 4: Dimensional Analysis Appendix 5: Standard Screen Scales Appendix 6: Guidelines for the Preparation of Laboratory Reports Appendix 7: Notation Index References appear at the end of each chapter