دانلود کتاب Functional polymers for nanomedicine

Interest in the application of nanotechnology to medicine has surged in recent years and could transform the way we diagnose, treat and prevent diseases such as cancer. However, the clinical success of nanomedicine is limited because of problems with toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this it is essential to produce new nanosystems with specific functions, which can be achieved by designing new polymers with particular properties that can be used for nanomedicine. Functional Polymers for Nanomedicine provides a complete overview of the different strategies for designing polymers for nanomedicine applications. The first part of the book looks at the current problems and direction in nanomedicine including a review of current design and targeting of nanocarriers. The second part explores the design of polymers with different functions including hyperbranched polymers, polymersomes, polysaccharides, polymeric micelles and zwitterionic polymers and their applications in gene therapy and drug delivery. This timely book is edited by a leading scientist in nanomedicine and provides a suitable introduction and reference source for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and academic and industrial researchers in polymer science, nanotechnology and pharmacy interested in materials for medical applications. Read more... Content: Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Targeted Drug Delivery in Oncology: Current Paradigm and Challenges / You Han Bae -- 1.1.Targeted Drug Delivery -- 1.1.1.Origins of Targeted Drug Delivery -- 1.1.2.Progress in Targeted Drug Delivery -- 1.2.Current Paradigm -- 1.3.Challenges to Current Paradigm -- 1.3.1.Challenges Present in the Carrier -- 1.3.2.Challenges Present in the Target -- 1.4.Revolution -- References -- ch. 2 Targeted Nanomedicines: Challenges and Opportunities / Jinming Gao -- 2.1.Introduction -- 2.2.Passive Targeting by Stealth Nanomedicines -- 2.2.1.Nanomedicine Clearance by the Reticuloendothelial System -- 2.2.2.Tumor Penetration by Nanomedicines -- 2.3.Active Targeting by Surface-Functionalized Nanomedicines -- 2.3.1.Cancer Specificity of Active Targeting Nanomedicines -- 2.3.2.Increased Clearance of Active Targeting Nanomedicines -- 2.3.3.Tumor Accumulation: Passive vs. Active Targeting Nanomedicines -- 2.4.Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- Contents note continued: Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 3 Rational Design of Translational Nanocarriers / Youqing Shen -- 3.1.The Three Key Elements for Translational Nanomedicine -- 3.2.The 2R2S Capability of Nanocarriers -- 3.2.1.2R: Drug Retention in Circulation versus Intracellular Release -- 3.2.2.2S: Stealthy in Circulation and Tumor Penetration versus Sticky to Tumor Cells -- 3.3.The Material Excipientability and Production Process Scale-Up Ability -- 3.4.Challenges of Rational Design for Translational Nanomedicine -- 3.5.Conclusion -- References -- ch. 4 Functional Polymers for Gene Delivery / Xian-Zheng Zhang -- 4.1.Introduction -- 4.2.Polyethylenimine-Based Gene Vectors -- 4.2.1.Low-Toxicity Polyethylenimine -- 4.2.2.Cell-Targeted Polyethylenimine -- 4.2.3.Other Polyethylenimine Derivatives -- 4.3.Chitosan-Based Gene Vectors -- 4.3.1.PEI-Modified Chitosans -- 4.3.2.Cell-Targeted Chitosans -- 4.3.3.Other Chitosan Derivatives -- 4.4.Dendrimer-Based Gene Vectors -- Contents note continued: 4.4.1.Polyamidoamine Dendrimers -- 4.4.2.Polypropylenimine Dendrimers -- 4.4.3.Poly(L-lysine) Dendrimers -- 4.5.Polypeptide Gene Vectors -- 4.5.1.Normal Peptide-Based Vectors -- 4.5.2.Cell-Penetrating Peptides -- 4.5.3.Nuclear Localization Signal -- 4.5.4.Asp-Based Peptides -- 4.6.Other Gene Vectors -- 4.6.1.Lipid-Based Vectors -- 4.6.2.Polyallylamine -- 4.6.3.Linear Poly(amidoamine)s -- 4.6.4.Multi-layer Complexes -- 4.6.5.Polycarbonates -- 4.6.6.Nanoparticles -- 4.6.7.Other Types -- 4.7.Future Trends -- 4.7.1.Stem Cell Transfection -- 4.7.2.Combinatorial Vectors -- 4.7.3.Virus Mimic Vectors -- 4.7.4.Therapeutic Genes -- 4.8.Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 5 Functional Hyperbranched Polymers for Drug and Gene Delivery / Xinyuan Zhu -- 5.1.Introduction -- 5.2.Preparation of Functional HBPs -- 5.2.1.Preparation of HBPs -- 5.2.2.Functionalization of HBPs -- 5.3.Functionality of Delivery -- 5.3.1.Responsiveness -- 5.3.2.Targeting -- Contents note continued: 5.3.3.Imaging -- 5.3.4.Biodegradability and Biocompatibility -- 5.3.5.Multifunctionality -- 5.4.Applications in Drug and Gene Delivery -- 5.4.1.Application as Drug Carriers -- 5.4.2.Application as Gene Vectors -- 5.5.Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 6 Functional Polymersomes for Controlled Drug Delivery / Zhiyuan Zhong -- 6.1.Introduction -- 6.2.Stimuli-Responsive Polymersomes -- 6.3.Chimaeric Polymersomes -- 6.4.Biomimetic Polymersomes -- 6.5.Tumor-Targeting Polymersomes -- 6.6.Conclusion and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 7 Polymeric Micelle-Based Nanomedicine for siRNA Delivery / Jun Wang -- 7.1.Introduction -- 7.2.Barriers to the Efficacy of siRNA Therapeutics -- 7.3.Polymeric Micelles for siRNA Delivery -- 7.3.1.Polymeric Micelles Based on Amphiphilic Polymers for siRNA Delivery -- 7.3.2.Smart Responsive Micelles for siRNA Delivery -- 7.4.Co-delivery of siRNA and Drugs Based on Polymeric Micelles -- Contents note continued: 7.5.Future Perspectives -- 7.6.Conclusion -- References -- ch. 8 Polysaccharide/Polynucleotide Complexes for Cell-Specific DNA Delivery / Kazuo Sakurai -- 8.1.Introduction -- 8.2.Characterization of the SPG/DNA Complex -- 8.2.1.Preparation of the SPG/DNA Complex -- 8.2.2.Solution Properties and Characterization -- 8.2.3.Thermal Stability of the Complexes -- 8.3.Application of the Complex to ODN Delivery -- 8.3.1.Uptake of the Complex by Macrophages -- 8.3.2.IL-12 Secretion Due to Administration of Cpg-ODN/SPG Complexes -- 8.3.3.LPS-Induced TNF-[alpha] Suppression by the AS-ODN/SPG Complex in vitro and in vivo -- 8.3.4.A New Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Antisense Macrophage-Migration Inhibitory Factor -- 8.4.Conclusion -- References -- ch. 9 Design of Complex Micelles for Drug Delivery / Linqi Shi -- 9.1.Introduction -- 9.2.Core-Shell--Corona Micelles for Drug Delivery -- 9.3.Complex Micelles with Surface Channels for Drug Delivery -- Contents note continued: 9.4.Polyion Complex Micelles for Drug Delivery -- References -- ch. 10 Zwitterionic Polymers for Targeted Drug Delivery / Sheng Fu Chen -- 10.1.Introduction -- 10.2.Principles Toward Protein-Resistant Zwitterionic Polymers -- 10.3.Phosphorylcholine-Based Polymers for Drug Delivery -- 10.4.CBMA-Based Polymers for Drug Delivery -- 10.5.Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- ch. 11 Polymer-Based Prodrugs for Cancer Chemotherapy / Youqing Shen -- 11.1.Introduction -- 11.2.Design of Polymer-Based Prodrugs -- 11.2.1.Linkers -- 11.2.2.Modifiers -- 11.2.3.Drawbacks of Current Polymer-Based Prodrugs -- 11.3.New Strategies for Polymer Prodrugs -- 11.3.1.Self-Assembling Prodrugs -- 11.3.2.Prodrug Micelles -- 11.3.3.Drug Polymers -- 11.4.Future Challenges -- References -- ch. 12 Nonviral Vector Recombinant Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Targeted-Delivery Vehicle in Cancer Gene Therapy / Jian-Qing Gao -- 12.1.Introduction -- Contents note continued: 12.2.Gene Recombination of MSCs -- 12.2.1.Viral Vectors -- 12.2.2.Nonviral Vectors -- 12.2.3.Three-Dimensional and Reverse Transfection Systems -- 12.3.MSCs as a Promising Targeted-Delivery Vehicle in Cancer Gene Therapy -- 12.3.1.Rationale for Using MSCs as a Vehicle for Gene Delivery -- 12.3.2.Targeting of MSCs to Tumor Cells -- 12.3.3.MSCs as Tumor Target Vehicles for Gene Delivery -- 12.4.Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 13 Near-Critical Micellization for Nanomedicine: Enhanced Drug Loading, Reduced Burst Release / Youqing Shen -- 13.1.Introduction -- 13.2.Early Feasibility Studies on Model Systems -- 13.3.Extension to PEG-b-PCL -- 13.4.Optimizing the NCM Solvent -- 13.5.Loading PEG-b-PCL with a Cancer Drug -- 13.6.NCM: A Remedy for Burst Release? -- 13.7.Conclusion and Future Research Questions -- Acknowledgements -- References. Abstract: Interest in the application of nanotechnology to medicine has surged in recent years and could transform the way we diagnose, treat and prevent diseases such as cancer. However, the clinical success of nanomedicine is limited because of problems with toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this it is essential to produce new nanosystems with specific functions, which can be achieved by designing new polymers with particular properties that can be used for nanomedicine. Functional Polymers for Nanomedicine provides a complete overview of the different strategies for designing polymers for nanomedicine applications. The first part of the book looks at the current problems and direction in nanomedicine including a review of current design and targeting of nanocarriers. The second part explores the design of polymers with different functions including hyperbranched polymers, polymersomes, polysaccharides, polymeric micelles and zwitterionic polymers and their applications in gene therapy and drug delivery. This timely book is edited by a leading scientist in nanomedicine and provides a suitable introduction and reference source for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and academic and industrial researchers in polymer science, nanotechnology and pharmacy interested in materials for medical applications