دانلود کتاب Microscopy of Oxidation - Proceedings of the First International Conference Held at the University of Cambridge

This book contains the proceedings of the First International Conference held at the University of Cambridge, 26-28 March, 1990. The direct observation and analysis of oxides, together with the identification of factors which influence oxidation reactions, are essential steps towards a fundamental understanding of the oxidation of alloys under service conditions. This book covers the reaction processes from oxide failure nucleation, through scale growth, as well as the possibilities of alloy design for improved oxidation resistance using a wide range of microscopical techniques. Content: Front Matter • Preface • Table of Contents •Section 1. Introduction 1. High Temperature Corrosion of Metals 2. The Study of Oxide Scales Using SIMS 3. Applications of Leed and Auger Electron Spectroscopy in the Study of High Temperature Corrosion Mechanisms •Section 2. Growth and Failure of Iron Oxide Scales 4. A SIMS Investigation of the Oxidation of Iron in Oxygen 5. Coatings for Rusty Steel: Use of Analytical Techniques to Elucidate Corrosion Behaviour 6. Observations on Silicates in Scale on a Low-Alloy Steel 7. Effect of Microstructure on the Oxidation Behaviour of a Low Alloy Ferritic Steel 8. Boron Inhibited Steam Oxidation of Fe-Cr Alloys Studied Using EELS 9. Analytical Electron Microscopy of 9wt%Cr - 1wt%Mo Steels 10. Carburisation-Oxidation Interactions in Breakaway Scaling 11. Healing Layer Formation in Fe-Cr-Si Alloys •Section 3. Growth and Failure of Chromia Scales 12. A Tem Study of the Oxide Scale Formed on Chromium Metal during High Temperature Oxidation 13. The Oxidation of Chromium 14. Effects of Water Vapour on Oxide Growth on 304 Stainless Steel at 900°C 15. The Role of Silicon in Maintaining Protective Oxidation in a 20%Cr Austenitic Stainless Steel to High Temperatures 16. The Oxidation Behaviour of High-Cr Cast Irons in a Chloride-Containing Iron Ore Sintering Environment 17. Changes in the Sub-Scale Microstructure of a Rhenium-Containing γ/γ′ Alloy as a Function of its Oxidation and Creep •Section 4. Growth and Failure of Alumina Scales 18. The Nucleation Sites of γ-Al2O3 Crystals in Thermal Oxide Films on Aluminium 19. SIMS Investigations of the Transport Phenomena in Chromia and Alumina Scales on ODS Alloys 20. Alumina Scale Growth at Zirconia/MCrAIY Interface: A Microstructural Study 21. Morphology of Oxide Scales on Ni3Al Exposed to High Temperature Air 22. Structural Studies of Internal Oxides in Nickel Aluminium Alloys 23. Metallographic Characterization of the Transition from Internal to External Oxidation of Nb-Ti-Al Alloys 24. In situ TEM Investigation of the Oxidation of Titanium Aluminide Alloys 25. Protective Al2O3 Scale Formation on NbAl3-Base Alloys 26. Microscopy of the Corrosion of High-Temperature Coatings 27. A Study of the Effect of Magnesium Additions on the Oxide Growth Morphologies on Liquid Aluminium Alloys 28. The Effects of SiC Particles on the Oxidation Behaviour of Composites with Al, Al-Mg, and Al-Li Matrices 29. The Use of Imaging SIMS in a Study of an Oxidised CoNiCrAlY Overlay Coating •Section 5. Reactive Element Effects 30. The Effect of Sulfur Content on Al2O3 Scale Adhesion 31. Effects of Reactive Elements on Oxide Scale Deformation and Cracking Based on Submicron Indentation Testing 32. The Effect of Reactive Elements on the Oxidation Behaviour of Fe-Cr-Al Alloys •Section 6. Growth and Fracture of Scales on Ti, Zr, Si, Ni and C-Based Materials 33. Hot Salt Stress Corrosion Cracking in Titanium Alloys 34. The Microstructural and Compositional Analysis of the Oxides on Zr-2.5wt% Nb in Relation to Their Rôle as Permeation Barriers to Deuterium Uptake in Reactor Applications 35. Defects and Interfacial Structure in Ge/Si Layers 36. Oxidation and Liquid-Aluminium Degradation of Engineering Ceramics 37. SIMS Studies of the Transport of Oxygen Tracer in Growing Nickel Oxide Scales Formed at 600-900°C 38. Effect of Dispersed Oxides upon Oxidation of Nickel 39. Competitive Interface Reactions in the Oxidation of Ni-Cr Alloys 40. Oxidation in a Temperature Gradient 41. Oxidation Behaviour and Protection of Carbon-Carbon Composites 42. Isochronal Oxidation Experiments on Boride and Carbide Powders •Section 7. Newer Techniques 43. The Internal Attack of 20%Cr/25%Ni/Nb Stainless Steel Revealed by Selective Etching 44. Observation of Oxide/Metal Interface Using Scanning Auger Microscopy with an in situ Scratch Technique 45. A Comparison of in situ and ex situ Oxidation Processes for ZnTe and CdTe Surfaces as Studied by High-Resolution Electron Microscopy 46. The Use of Microlithographic Markers in Electron Microscopy of High-Temperature Oxidation Processes 47. Sequential Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Oxide Scale Failure and Regrowth 48. Nucleation and Growth of Surface Oxides and Sulphides Formed on Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys during Exposure to H2-CO-H2O-H2S Atmospheres 49. The Uses of the Fresnel Method in the Study of Oxidation 50. Oxidation of a Ferritic Stainless Steel Containing 17% Cr Studied by Raman Laser Spectroscopy and Nuclear Reaction Analysis 51. Real Time Studies of Uranium Dioxide Oxidation •Section 8. The Future 52. The Future of the Microscopy of Oxidation Index