دانلود کتاب Metaphor in use : context, culture, and communication

Metaphoric language is very much the product of human action, and many scholars now claim that metaphor in language arises from metaphors in thought. But the reasons for why we think metaphorically and speak (gesture) in these ways may be rooted in principles of self-organization that describe the existence, and forms, of many other animate and inanimate things, ranging from snowflakes to termite nests. This chapter describes the benefits of looking at metaphor from a self-organizational point of view, known as dynamical systems theory, and suggests how this perspective can solve several long- Read more... Content: 1. List of contributors, pvii; 2. Acknowledgements, pix-x; 3. Introduction: Metaphor in use (by MacArthur, Fiona), p1-18; 4. Part 1. Contexts of research; 5. Chapter 1. An assessment of metaphor retrieval methods (by Berber Sardinha, Tony), p21-50; 6. Chapter 2. Metaphor in discourse: Beyond the boundaries of MIP (by Kaal, Anna), p51-68; 7. Chapter 3. Metaphor identification in Dutch discourse (by Pasma, Trijntje), p69-84; 8. Chapter 4. Locating metaphor candidates in specialized corpora using raw frequency and keyword lists (by Philip, Gill), p85-106; 9. Part 2. Contexts of production; 10. Chapter 5. Metaphor variation across L1 and L2 speakers of English: Do differences at the level of linguistic metaphor matter? (by Johansson Falck, Marlene), p109-134; 11. Chapter 6. Metaphorical expressions in L2 production: The importance of the text topic in corpus research (by Golden, Anne), p135-148; 12. Chapter 7. Researching linguistic metaphor in native, non-native and expert writing (by Chapeton-Castro, Claudia Marcela), p149-174; 13. Part 3. Contexts of interpretation; 14. Chapter 8. Appreciation and interpretation of visual metaphors in advertising across three European countries (by Mulken, Margot van), p177-194; 15. Chapter 9. English native speakers' interpretations of culture-bound Japanese figurative expressions (by Azuma, Masumi), p195-216; 16. Chapter 10. The limits of comprehension in cross-cultural metaphor: Networking in drugs terminology (by Trim, Richard), p217-236; 17. Part 4. Metaphor, topic, and discourse; 18. Chapter 11. Conceptual types of terminological metaphors in marine biology: An English-Spanish contrastive analysis from an experientialist perspective (by Urena Gomez-Moreno, Jose Manuel), p239-260; 19. Chapter 12. Gestures, language, and what they reveal about thought: A music teacher's use of metaphor in Taiwan (by Chuang, Ya-Chin), p261-282; 20. Part 5. Metaphor and culture; 21. Chapter 13. Armed with patience, suffering an emotion: The conceptualization of life, morality, and emotion in Turkish (by Aksan, Yesim), p285-308; 22. Chapter 14. Trolls (by Alm-Arvius, Christina), p309-328; 23. Chapter 15. A computational exploration of creative similes (by Veale, Tony), p329-344; 24. Part 6. Afterword and prospects for future research; 25. Chapter 16. Metaphors, snowflakes, and termite nests: How nature creates such beautiful things (by Gibbs, Jr., Raymond W.), p347-372; 26. Name index, p373-374; 27. Terms index, p375-380 Abstract: How then can we reliably identify metaphors in different contexts? How does the language or culture of speakers and hearers affect the way metaphors are produced or interpreted? Are the methods employed to explore metaphors in one context applicable in others? This title deals with these questions. Read more...