دانلود کتاب Reconsidering retirement: how losses and layoffs affect older workers

The economic downturn that began in 2008, the most severe in decades, has hit older Americans hard. Many have seen huge losses to their 401(k)s. In numerous cases the value of homes—the largest investment most older Americans have ever made—has diminished considerably. In addition, large numbers of American workers, including those 50 and older, have lost their jobs and may have difficulty replacing them. Suddenly the future seems a whole lot less certain, throwing years of planning into doubt. In Reconsidering Retirement, economists Courtney Coile and Phillip Levine go beyond the headlines to explain how the economic crisis will affect the future plans and well-being of older Americans. Amid well-publicized reports that older workers needed to stay on the job because of the crisis, the number of U.S. workers claiming Social Security retirement benefits actually rose substantially from 2008 to 2009. The authors maintain that job loss has been the culprit, leading to premature retirement, and while this trend may have been less noticed, it is perhaps the more significant outcome of the crisis. Coile and Levine examine the three major characteristics of the recession thought to influence retirement behavior: decline in the stock market, reduced housing values, and a weak labor market. The authors find that lower home prices did not actually affect retirement behavior but that the decline in the stock market did lead some workers to delay retirement, while a weakened labor market actually forced more older workers with fewer skills into retirement. As a result, these early retirees, who rely on Social Security, face a lifetime of lower benefits. "Workers affected by weak labor markets are more numerous than those affected by poor stock market returns, are more likely to have low socioeconomic status, and have a more substantially reduced income for the rest of their lives." —From the introduction "Public discussion has focused on the effects of the stock market crash and has failed to recognize that most of the workers who are affected by stock losses come from the upper tail of the income distribution. Similarly, falling house prices have received considerable attention although they have had little impact on workers retirement decisions. The most pressing problem older workers currently face is the labor market, which has received little attention." —From chapter 8 The legacy of recessions is that those most in need usually are last to reap the benefits of an economic recovery. While the lion s share of media coverage after the economic downturn of 2008—09 has gone to the plight of older workers who remain employed, Courtney Coile and Phillip Levine examine the effects of the economic crisis on all workers approaching retirement age. Some of their findings are counterintuitive and will surprise many analysts and readers. In particular, they shine a light on lesser-skilled workers forced into early retirement—a number estimated at 378,000 workers. These workers will be forced into early involuntary retirement, drawing from Social Security sooner and receiving lower retirement income. This important book provides a complete picture of older workers today, how they will transition into retirement, and what we can do to assist them as the recession persists.