دانلود کتاب Portugal: A Traveller's History

Portugal, the 'ancient ally', is a country easily accessible, with an enviable climate, welcoming inhabitants and famous beaches. English and Spanish apart, Portuguese is more widely spoken than any other European tongue. This historical guide draws on personal experiences ranging from a residence of three years to regular visits since 1936. It combines introductory chapters on eight centuries of nationhood, and sections on the Roman and Islamic past, architecture, painting, music and birds, with visits to the great cities of Lisbon and Oporto, and to the country's varied regions. The author's aim is not merely to describe; rather to account for the emergence of what the visitor may expect to see. He avoids jargon, preferring clarity and moderation - although permitting himself an occasional expression of saudade (the nostalgia for Portugal which haunts all who have loved this land).Harold Livermore studied in Portugal in 1937 and taught there, in Cambridge and in Canada. He was educational director of the Luso-Brazilian Council in London and is a member of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences and of the Portuguese Academy of History. His first 'History of Portugal' was awarded the Cames Prize and was followed by a 'New History' and a 'Shorter History'. He has also published a history of Spain and an account of the medieval origins of both countries. A selection of his articles, 'Essays on History and Literature', appeared in 2000.* * *Harold Livermore places the scenes and monuments of England's oldest ally in their historical and cultural context, recreating vividly the century of Portugal's great contribution to the intellectual advances in the West and the expansion of geographical frontiers with the discovery of the New World. He writes vividly about Portugal's history, Roman and Islamic Portugal, architecture, painting, music, birds; and he devotes chapters to the great cities of Lisbon and Oporto, the route between them, the North, inland Portugal, and the Alentejo and the Algarve, with shorter diversions to many smaller places.