دانلود کتاب German Literature of the Eighteenth Century: The Enlightenment and Sensibility (Camden House History of German Literature) (Camden House History of German Literature)

The Age of Enlightenment, an intellectual and social reform movement, was based on the use of reason, common sense, and "natural law," and was paralleled by an emphasis on feelings and the emotions in religious, especially Pietist circles. Progressive thinkers in England, France, and later in Germany began to assail the absolutism of the state and the orthodoxy of the Church; in Germany the line led from Leibniz, Thomasius, and Wolff to Lessing and Kant, to the advocacy of religious toleration, the demand for the emancipation of the bourgeois individual, and the rise of an educated upper middle class. Literary developments encompassed the emergence of a national theater, literature, and a common literary language. This became possible in part because of advances in literacy and education, especially among bourgeois women, and the reorganization of book production and the book market. This major new reference work provides a fresh look at the major literary figur! es, works, and cultural developments from around 1700 up to the late Enlightenment in new scholarly essays that trace the eighteenth-century literary revival in German-speaking countries: from occasional and learned literature under the influence of French Neoclassicism to the establishment of a new German drama, religious epic and secular poetry, and the sentimentalist novel of self-fashioning. The volume includes the new, stimulating works of women, a chapter on music and literature, chapters on literary developments in Switzerland and in Austria, and a chapter on major reactions to the Enlightenment from the nineteenth century to the present. The recent revaluing of cultural and social phenomena affecting literary texts informs the presentations in the individual chapters and allows for the inclusion of hitherto neglected but important texts such as essays, travelogues, philosophical texts, and letters.Contributors: Kai Hammermeister, Katherine Goodman, Helga Brandes, Ros! marie Zeller, Kevin Hilliard, Francis Lamport, Sarah Colvin, Anna Richar.