دانلود کتاب Noachian flood , Universal or Local ? (Perspectives on Science and Faith Journal Vol 54, # 3 , Sep 2002

In this paper University of New Mexico Geologist and Christian , Carol A. Hill makes the geologic/biblical case for Noah's flood being a local geologic flood event in the Mesopotamian basin rather than a Global flood . The biblical and scientific evidence pertaining to the subject of a universal versus localNoachian Flood are discussed in this paper. From a biblical perspective, a universalflood model (and its corollary models: flood geology and the canopy theory) is basedprimarily on: (1) the universal language of Gen. 6–8, (2) Gen 2:5–6, and (3) thepresumed landing of Noah’s ark on the summit of Mount Ararat (Gen. 8:4). It is arguedthat the “universal” language of Gen. 6–8 was meant to cover the whole known worldof that time (third millennium BC), not the entire planet Earth, and that thisinterpretation also applies to Gen. 2:5–6—the verses on which the canopy theory isbased. It is also argued that the “fifteen cubits upward” flood depth mentioned inGen. 7:20 favors a local rather than a universal flood.From a scientific perspective, a universal flood, flood geology, and canopy theory areentirely without support. The geology of the Mount Ararat region precludes thepremise of flood geologists that all of the sedimentary rock on Earth formed duringthe time of Noah’s Flood. The most likely landing place of the ark is considered to havebeen in the vicinity of Jabel Judi (the “mountains of Ararat” near Cizre, Turkey)within the northern boundary of the Mesopotamian hydrologic basin, rather than on17,000-foot-high Mount Ararat in northeastern Turkey. Since it would have beenlogistically impossible for all animal species on Earth to be gathered by Noah andcontained in the ark, it is concluded that the animals of the ark were those that livedwithin the Mesopotamian region. The archaeological record outside of Mesopotamiaalso does not support a universal flood model. All of the evidence, both biblical andscientific, leads to the conclusion that the Noachian deluge was a local, rather thanuniversal, flood.