دانلود کتاب Post-harvest Tobacco Infestation Control

In this manual, Post-harvest Tobacco Infestation Control, we have addressed the 'state-of-the-art' and given little account of obsolete techniques. With contributing authors from international cigarette manufacturers, plus consultation with the worldwide tobacco industry, we have recorded the acceptable methodology for infestation management. This manual fills a void, as the most recent treatment of this subject was more than 20 years 350 ago. Major emphasis is on sanitation which should, where possible, reduce or replace pesticide use at all stages of tobacco processing. This manual is divided into an introduction and chapters dealing with: biology, monitoring, sanitation, physical control and insecticides - with separate chapters on insect growth regulators and fumigation. At the end, a few case histories are outlined to show how this integrated approach to infestation control is put into practice. Comments from users of this manual regarding general usefulness, omissions and/or corrections are welcome and should be addressed to CORESTA, the infestation control subgroup of the Phytopathology group. Introduction 1 Tobacco is vulnerable to many insect pests while growing in the 13 357 field. 4. 3 • Farmers may use pesticides to help control some insects and avoid losing up to 40% of the growing crop. Two insects, the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) and the tobacco moth (Ephestia elutella), feed on cured tobacco leaves, whether air-cured burley, sun-cured oriental, flue-cured or tobacco by-products (Chapter 2).