دانلود کتاب The Experimental Determination of Solubilities, Volume 6

The most useful experimental methods for all types of solubility measurements The importance of solubility phenomena has been long recognized throughout science. For example, in medicine, the solubility of gases in liquids forms the basis of life itself; in the environment, solubility phenomena influence the weathering of rocks, the creation of soils, the composition of natural water bodies and the behaviour and fate of many chemicals. However, until now, no systematic critical presentation of the methods for obtaining solubilities has been given. Divided into five sections the author has concentrated on the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic background necessary for a full understanding of solubility phenomena. The major types of solubility determinations according to the physical state of the solute: gases, liquids and solids; whilst the final section deals with those technologically important areas whose traditions are sufficiently different to justify their separate presentation.  Each chapter aims to be comprehensive but not encyclopaedic, with coverage of the reliable methods in the particular area; Illustrations have been included to enable the novice investigator quickly develop apparatus of their ownContent: Chapter 1.1 Thermodynamics of Solubility (pages 17–76): John W. Lorimer and Roger Cohen–AdadChapter 1.2 Kinetics and Mechanisms of Crystal Growth and Dissolution (pages 77–97): Jorgen Christoffersen and Margaret R. ChristoffersenChapter 2.1 Solubility of Gases in Liquids (pages 99–150): H. Lawrence Clever and Rubin BattinoChapter 2.2 Solubility of Gases in Polymers (pages 151–171): Yuri Yampolskii and Russell PatersonChapter 2.3 Solubility of Gases in Molten Salts and Molten Metals (pages 173–217): Reginald P.T. TomkinsChapter 2.4 Solubility of Gases in Solid Metals (pages 219–234): Y. Sakamoto and F.A. LewisChapter 3 Liquid–Liquid Solubilities (pages 235–256): G.T. HefterChapter 4.1 Solubility of Solids in Liquids (pages 257–314): Roger Cohen–Adad and Marie–Therese Cohen–AdadChapter 4.2 Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Ionic Solids in Liquids (pages 315–358): Heinz Gamsjager and Erich KonigsbergerChapter 4.3 Solubilities of Salt–Water Systems at High Temperatures and Pressures (pages 359–435): Vladimir M. Valyashko and B.R. ChuragulovChapter 4.4 Solubility of Metals and Non?Metallic Substances in Liquid Metals (pages 437–476): Cezary Guminski and Hans U. BorgstedtChapter 4.5 Solubility of Solids in Solids (pages 477–490): James SangsterChapter 5.1 Solubility of Solids and Liquids in Supercritical Fluids (pages 491–555): Karel Aim and Maurizio FermegliaChapter 5.2 Solubility of Solids and Liquids in Cryogenic Liquids (pages 557–593): Elzbieta Szczepaniec–CieciakChapter 5.3 Solubility of Polymers in Liquids (pages 595–616): Sonja Krause