دانلود کتاب PAHs: An Ecotoxicological Perspective

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.Content: Chapter 1 Introduction (pages 1–6): Peter E. T. DoubenChapter 2 The Sources, Transport, and Fate of PAHs in the Marine Environment (pages 7–33): James S. Latimer and Jinshu ZhengChapter 3 Geochemistry of PAHs in Aquatic Environments: Source, Persistence and Distribution (pages 35–45): Robert M. Burgess, Michael J. Ahrens and Christopher W. HickeyChapter 4 Photochemical Reactions of PAHs in the Atmosphere (pages 47–63): Janet Arey and Roger AtkinsonChapter 5 Metabolic Activation of PAHs: Role of DNA Adduct Formation in Induced Carcinogenesis (pages 65–79): Farida Akcha, Thierry Burgeot, Jean?Francois Narbonne and Philippe GarriguesChapter 6 Biodegradation and General Aspects of Bioavailability (pages 81–96): Frank Volkering and Anton M. BreureChapter 7 An Overview of the Partitioning and Bioavailability of PAHs in Sediments and Soils (pages 97–126): Robert M. Burgess, Michael J. Ahrens, Christopher W. Hickey, Pieter J. den Besten, Dorien ten Hulscher, Bert van Hattum, James P. Meador and Peter E. T. DoubenChapter 8 Bioavailability, Uptake and Effects of PAHs in Aquatic Invertebrates in Field Studies (pages 127–146): Pieter J. den Besten, Dorien ten Hulscher and Bert van HattumChapter 9 Bioaccumulation of PAHs in Marine Invertebrates (pages 147–171): James P. MeadorChapter 10 Uptake and Accumulation of PAHs by Terrestrial Invertebrates (pages 173–190): Rudolf K. Achazi and Cornelis A. M. Van GestelChapter 11 Ecotoxicological Studies Focusing on Marine and Freshwater Fish (pages 191–224): Jerry F. Payne, Anne Mathieu and Tracy K. CollierChapter 12 Effects of PAHs on Terrestrial and Freshwater Birds, Mammals and Amphibians (pages 225–241): Heath M. Malcolm and Richard F. ShoreChapter 13 Effects of PAHs on Marine Birds, Mammals and Reptiles (pages 243–261): Peter H. Albers and Thomas R. LoughlinChapter 14 PAH Interactions with Plants: Uptake, Toxicity and Phytoremediation (pages 263–273): Bruce M. GreenbergChapter 15 Assessing Risks from Photoactivated Toxicity of PAHs to Aquatic Organisms (pages 275–296): Gerald T. Ankley, Lawrence P. Burkhard, Philip M. Cook, Stephen A. Diamond, Russell J. Erickson and David R. MountChapter 16 Biomarkers and PAHs — Prospects for the Assessment of Exposure and Effects in Aquatic Systems (pages 297–328): Rolf Altenburger, Helmut Segner and Ron van der OostChapter 17 Approaches to Developing Sediment Quality Guidelines for PAHs (pages 329–355): David R. Mount, Christopher G. Ingersoll and Joy A. McGrathChapter 18 Managing Risks from PAHs (pages 357–377): Graham Whale, Gordon Lethbridge, Vikram Paul and Eric Martin